Kay's AS Geography |
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Earthquakes and volcanoes (Global tectonic processes, hazards and response) |
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"Earthquakes and volcanoes are major hazards in tectonically active environments of the world. There are differing human responses to these events." WJEC specification generalisation |
| US Geological Survey All the latest earthquakes throughout the world; summaries of ongoing USGS research; explanations of hazards and how to prepare for them. http://quake.wr.usgs.gov | |
Also see USGS homepage |
http://www.usgs.gov |
| Latest Earthquakes Lists recent earthquakes and has dot map (click on each dot for detailed maps and facts) and links to earthquake distribution maps for the major regions of the world. | http://earthquake.usgs.gov/neis/bulletin/bulletin.html |
Volcano Hazards Programme |
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/ |
Downloadable volcano factsheets pdf format. |
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/sproducts.html#fs |
The World-Wide Earthquake Locator is an interface developed by Bruce Gittings of the Department of Geography at the University of Edinburgh. The system uses data available from the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC), part of the US Geological Survey. This data provides basic information about earthquakes within hours of them taking place. In reponse to a query, the data is dynamically accessed from a USGS server in Golden, Colorado. The data is then processed into an appropriate format in Edinburgh and finally displayed using the Xerox PARC Map Viewer based in Palo Alto, California again in the USA. http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/quakexe/quakes to go straight to the locator or http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/quakes/schools.html for additional information.
| Volcano World Database of facts, maps and pictures of the world’s volcanoes and volcanic eruptions (recent and historical); general information on volcanoes; news of the latest eruptions. http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vw.html | |
The most recent eruptions are at the Volcano activity update. |
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/current_volcs/ |
Links to the websites of the US volcano observatories and seismic networks. |
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Servers/volcservers.html |
Why volcanoes explode The basics with diagrams from BBC news. http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_697000/697264.stm
Global Volcanism Programme The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions during the past 10,000 years. Site produced by the US National Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington. www.volcano.si.edu/gvp/
EERI Much more accessible than it sounds, the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute is a technical society of engineers, geoscientists, architects, planners, public officials, and social scientists. The objective of EERI is to reduce earthquake risk by advancing the science and practice of earthquake engineering, by improving understanding of the impact of earthquakes on the physical, social, economic, political and cultural environment, and by advocating comprehensive and realistic measures for reducing the harmful effects of earthquakes. Includes learning from earthquakes feature. http://eeri.org/titlepage.html
| Savage Earth Online The site which accompanies the US public broadcasting TV series. Mentioned here at the specific request of my students who just love the animations and video clips. http://www.thirteen.org/savageearth/ | |
| Animations menu (You will need a free Flash plug-in to view.) | http://www.thirteen.org/savageearth/animations/index.html |
Tsunamis (Barry's fave.) |
http://www.thirteen.org/savageearth/tsunami/index.html |
New Scientist magazine did have a special earthquake report, but now concentrates on 'disasters'. http://www.newscientist.com/hottopics/disaster/
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| Earth Floor Beginners' guide to plate tectonics from US 'NASA classroom of the future'. Includes a generalised map of plates with boundary types indicated. Links to pages on boundary types (convergent, divergent and transform). | http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/plates1.html |
| This Dynamic Earth - an online illustrated textbook telling the story of plate tectonics. | http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/dynamic.html |
Map of the major tectonic plates of the world. |
http://geology.er.usgs.gov/eastern/plates.html |
| Diagrams University of Berkeley (US) geology site which uses animations to explain the theory. (May be slow to load.) | http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/tectonics.html |
| Lecture with illustrations on "Plate tectonics, the cause of earthquakes". From the The Nevada Seismological Laboratory at the University of Nevada, which investigates earthquakes and their effects in Nevada and eastern California. | http://www.seismo.unr.edu/ftp/pub/louie/class/100/plate-tectonics.html If you have problems, link from http://www.seismo.unr.edu/ |
| Links Oxford Brookes University (UK) geology page of links on topic of plate tectonics. | http://www.brookes.ac.uk/schools/geology/8301/plates.html |
| Recent quakes For background information on the impact of the most recent earthquakes news organisations provide up-to-date material. The best place to start is the BBC, which has a search facility, keeps a news archive and has links to accompany each news story. | ||
| BBC Online homepage http://www.bbc.co.uk/ | News ticker service http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsline/ | |
| News homepage http://news.bbc.co.uk/ | World news http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/ | |
Los Angeles 1994 - Northridge Quake with epicentre within densely populated San Fernando valley, northern LA, which caused widespread damage, but only 57 deaths. http://www.eqe.com/publications/northridge/executiv.htm See also the Northridge page http://www.scecdc.scec.org/northreq.html For map and photos see http://www.scecdc.scec.org/slidesho.html
Iran 1997 - Ardekul Struck near border with Afghanistan; some estimates put deaths at over 2,400. http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~mwest/museum/international.html EERI summary http://eeri.org/earthquakes/Reconn/Ardekul/Ardekul.html
Kobe earthquake, 1995 Records the social and economic rebuilding of Kobe, Japan. A year-by-year archive that records in pictures, maps and statistics, the devastation and then the rebuilding of the city. http://www.city.kobe.jp/cityoffice/15/020/quake/index.html See also the notes at GeoResources http://www.georesources.co.uk/kobehigh.htm
Earthquake in Turkey, 1999 Reports on the USGS 1999 Scientific Expedition to Turkey to investigate the Izmit earthquake. Presents the scientific background, field reports, photos, maps and other graphics. http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/study/turkey/
EERI Earthquake case studies An excellent source of authoritative material, thanks to the Learning from Earthquakes project. Sadly, this page has not been connecting properly. I am hopeful it will reappear, but apologies if not. http://eeri.org/earthquakes/Reconn/Reconnaissance.html
Seismolinks Gives you a list of links on various past quakes - like a Yahoo for seismology! http://www.seismolinks.com/Past_Earthquakes/index.html
Italian Earthquake Oct 2002 BBC News http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2388907.stm List of links. http://www.seismolinks.com/Past_Earthquakes/Italy_-_31_October_2002/
Manchester 2002 BBC quake news story. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2356203.stm
ActionAid - Gujurat one year on A photo essay featuring the women of Gujurat and how they are rebuilding their lives one year on from the January 2001 quake. http://www.actionaid.org/newsandmedia/gallery/gujarat/gujarat.shtml
Case studies - volcanoes (See also Volcano World)
How volcanoes work is an educational resource that describes the science behind volcanoes and volcanic processes. The site is sponsored by NASA and explains eruption types and landforms. The site includes the following historical eruptions which make good case study material: Mt Pele (1902); Mt St Helens (1980); Lake Nyos (1986); Nevado del Ruiz (1985); Paricutin (1943). http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/
Volcano Live Site by Australian vulcanologist John Seach. Breaking news claims to be the most up-to-date on the web. Facts. Chats. Volcano cams. Lots of case studies. www.volcanolive.com/contents.html
| BBC Horizon programmes Programme notes (searchable archive), video clips and links. | |
| 'Volcano Hell' Jan 2002 The problem of predicting eruptions. Uses Nevado del Ruiz case study. | http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2001/volcanohell.shtml |
Congo, Jan 2002 The Nyiragongo volcano is one of eight on the borders of Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda. It erupted on January 18th 2002 engulfing the town of Goma. http://www.volcanolive.com/nyiragongo.html Planet Ark news story. http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/14080/story.htm BBC news story with links. http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/africa/newsid_1769000/1769540.stm
Mount Pinatubo, Phillipines, a subduction zone volcano which erupted 1991. USGS scientists, siesmologists and others predicted events and people were evacuated, yet estimated 2 million people were affected and many deaths resulted - some in evacuation centres and some from exposure to western diseases. http://www.georesources.co.uk/pinatubo.htm Also see USGS 'Fire and Mud' online http://pubs.usgs.gov/pinatubo/ Overview http://pubs.usgs.gov/pinatubo/wolfe/index.html
Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, volcanic eruption 1985. Ruiz is a complex stratovolcano in the S American Andean chain. This eruption released pyroclastic flows across the Ruiz ice pack, melting part of the summit ice cap and triggering devastating lahars (mudflows), causing up to 27,000 deaths. Summary article based on student project work done at Oxford Brookes University. http://www.brookes.ac.uk/geology/8361/1997/adela.html
Mount St Helens, USA, 1980. Basic summary of well documented N American subduction volcano. http://www.zephryus.demon.co.uk/education/geog/tectonics/volcanoes/helen.html
Mount Kilauea, Hawaii, is a shield volcano which has been active 1983 - 2000. Characterised by gentle lava flows, it is now in its eighteenth year of continuous eruption. http://www.georesources.co.uk/kilauea.htm
Popocatépetl eruption, December 2000 BBC News story. http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/americas/newsid_1077000/1077476.stm
Mount Etna Has been erupting for half a million years and is one of the world's most active volcanoes. Dormant periods are very rare. During 1999-2001 spectacular eruptions occurred at the summit craters of Mt Etna Volcano. Photos and data from vulcanologist studying Etna. http://www.volcanolive.com/etna.html
Tsunami! Site developed to provide general information about tsunamis - large waves generated by seismic activity which can cause significant damage to coastal communities. Includes information about the mechanisms of tsunami generation and propagation, the impact of tsunamis on humankind, and the Tsunami Warning System. Hosted by the Geophysics department at Washington University. http://www.geophys.washington.edu/tsunami/welcome.html
Tsunamis Savage Earth TV programme page. Nice little animation. |
http://www.thirteen.org/savageearth/tsunami/index.html |
Recent tsunami events US government weather service West Coast and Alaska tsunami warning centre. http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/main.htm or http://wcatwc.gov/main.htm
| USGS tsunami site. General information on how local tsunamis are generated by earthquakes as well as animations, virtual reality models of tsunamis, and summaries of past research studies. http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/ | |
| Papua New Guinea tsunami event 1998 | http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/PNGhome.html |
| Peru June 2001 event | http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/Peru01.html |
Relief Web lists by natural disasters and countries. Digest of reports and relief efforts. Disaster response information on current natural disasters and archival material dating back to 1981, listed chronologically.ReliefWeb is a project of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). http://www.reliefweb.int/w/rwb.nsf
Disaster Relief American Red Cross and CNN site. Archived articles date back to 1996. http://www.disasterrelief.org/
Earth Watch keeps an eye on the many different disaster events happening around the world. Clickable map format. http://www.disasterrelief.org/EarthWatch/
